Web Technology I
Introduction
Web technology is related to the interface between web servers and their clients using the internet. This information includes markup languages, programming interfaces and languages, and standards for document identification and display.
Origin of Internet
Its origin dates back to 1969 when it was called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency network) and was exclusively used for military purposes. It soon emerged with non-governmental and parallel academic networks which grew and eventually came to be called Internet in the year 1979. Today, Internet is simply a network of world-wide network of computer networks connected to each other by devices called Internetworking devices. The computers on the Internet contains information on history, politics and medicine, science and technology, sports, current events and many more topics and thus it is also called ‘information super highway’. The Internet is growing exponentially every day and has made the planet a ‘global village’ where everybody can be connected to each other.
Applications of Internet
➢ Exchange emails.
➢ Send/receive documents, sound, animation and graphics or picture files all over the world.
➢ Browse information on matters related to academic and professional topics.
➢ Join specific topic-oriented discussion groups - Blogs.
➢ Sell products and services – E-commerce.
➢ Entertainment (games, music, etc).
➢ Download software and software updates.
➢ Online education and exams.
The positive impacts of the internet include the following:
● It provides effective communication using emailing and instant messaging services to any part of the world.
● It improves business interactions and transactions, saving on vital time.
● Banking and shopping online have made life less complicated.
● You can access the latest news from any part of the world without depending on the TV or newspaper. ● Education has received a huge boost as uncountable books and journals are available online from libraries across the world. This has made research easier. Students can now opt for online courses using the internet.
● Application for jobs has also become easier as most vacancies are advertised online with online applications becoming the norm.
● Professionals can now exchange information and materials online, thus enhancing research.
The negative impacts of the internet on society include:
● Easy availability of illegal or inappropriate materials online that isn’t age-suitable.
● Addiction to social networks can disrupt an individual’s life, both personally and professionally.
● Some miscreants(hackers) use the internet to hack into people’s accounts for spurious activities including stealing data or banking information.
● Yet others have been known to misuse the internet for spreading hate and terrorism, two dangerously catastrophic scenarios.
WWW (World Wide Web)
How does it work?
➢ Web information is stored in documents called Web pages (Html files). Web pages are files stored on computers called Web servers. Computers reading the Web pages are called Web clients. Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser.
➢ A web browser is client software that allows you to display and interact with a hypertext document hosted on the web server. Popular browsers are Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. A browser fetches a Web page from a server by a request. A request is a standard HTTP request containing a page location address. Something like: http://www.someone.com/page.htm ➢ All Web pages contain display instructions like HTML tags which the browser reads to display page information.
Web page
Web Browsers
Types of browsers
Search Engine
Review of HTML
What exactly web page is?
What is a Markup Language?.
Example of HTML.
Description of HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE>: It defines the document type or it instruct the browser about
the version of HTML.
<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text
between html tag describes the web document. It is a container for all other
elements of HTML except <!DOCTYPE>
<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which
contains the metadata(information about the document). It must be closed
before the body tag opens.
<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which
appears at the top of the browser window. It must be placed inside the head tag
and should close immediately. (Optional)
<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is
visible to the end user. This tag contains the main content of the HTML
document.
<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.
<p> : Text between <p> tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.
HTML Tags
HTML tags are like keywords which defines that how web browser will format
and display the content. With the help of tags, a web browser can distinguish
between an HTML content and a simple content. HTML tags contain three
main parts: opening tag, content and closing tag. But some HTML tags are
unclosed tags.
When a web browser reads an HTML document, browser reads it from top to
bottom and left to right. HTML tags are used to create HTML documents and
render their properties. Each HTML tags have different properties.
Author Spotlight
Santosh Chapagain
Gmail: chapagainsantoshcs@gmail.com
Phone no: +977-9863512955
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